Face Music - Mongolian traditional costumes
  • Mongolian traditional (national) costumes




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P & C December 1998
- Face Music / Albi

- last update 03-2017


Text in German

There are more than 20 tribes of Mongol or Turk origin living in Mongolia !


The traditional dress of the Mongols has a rich history spanning many centuries. It is closely connected with the Mongolian way of life and the country. The costumes are used in different situations; somebody rides on horseback over the steppe, he sits at home in his ger (yurt - round felt tent), or he dances at a national festival. The conditions of climate excert influence on the kind of dress, the costumes for the seasons of the year. In summer the Mongols wear a light coat or frock, the "Terleg" (deel - summer coat), in spring, autumn and winter a wadded coat (row cotton), the "Khovontei Deel", or a lambskin coat, the "Khurgan Dotortoi Deel", in winter they wear a sheepskin dress reminding of a fur coat, the "Tsagaan Nekhii Deel".

The Mongolian national costume is a robelike garment called a deel, that, like the Tibetan robe, has no pockets. The deel is worn with a thin silk sash several yards long tightly wound around the waist. Attached to the sash are essential objects such as the eating set, tinder pouch, snuff bottle, and tobacco and pipe pouches. Mongols, like the nomadic Tibetans and Manchurians, use an ingeniously designed eating set incorporating a sharp knife and a pair of chopsticks, and sometimes also includes a toothpick, ear scratcher, and a tweezer. They are made of precious metals and embellished with semi-precious stones.

The dress reflects the age of the wearer. The costumes of elderly people are, as a rule, modest and plain. The female dress shows differences between the attire of the girls and that of married women. The latter is decorated and adorned more splendidly with ornaments and jewellery. The design of the garments, the combination of colours as well as the decorative ornaments speak of an old tradition. The national costumes were mostly brown and dark blue. The Mongols wear the coat with the oblique border, the "Tashuu Engertei Deel", and the coat with the rectangular border, the "Durvuljin Engertei Deel". The materials from which the dresses were sewn were either produced by the people themselves, such as "leather, wool, and fur", or dresses have been made from silk, cotton, wool, and brocades and were richly decorated with jewellery and ornaments of gold, silver, corals, pearls, and precious stones. Every nationality has its own headdress (i.g. the "Toortsog", "Yuden", and "Zharantai"), hence there are many different kinds of caps and boots. The master (male or female) was able to glue, quilt, and stuff with wadding; he knew the symbolism of the ornaments used on the dresses, the symbolism of the colours and their combination.


- see more about Ornaments - Ornaments of the Turk-Mongolian tribe

The largest group, the Khalkha, lives in Central and Eastern Mongolia; the Bayad, the Durvud, the Khoton, the Altai-Uriankhai, the Torguud, the Uuld, the Zakhchin and the Myangad live in the West; in Eastern Mongolia live the Dariganga, the Barga, the Uzemchin, the Buryat and the Khamnigan, and in the North the Khotgoid, the Darkhad, the Khuvsgul-Uriankhai, the Tsaatan and the Khakhar. Also the Kazakhs, who are Muslims, live in the Altai.


Below you find enlargements of map sections – do click on these and enjoy the view!

© Ganna & Albi - Bi-Bid & Face Music 2006© Original drawings by Yadamsuren Urjne


Kazakh



West Mongolia
High Altai


Winter


Summer


Zakhchin (Dzakhchin),

South-West Mongolia
Gobi Altai - Oirad tribe


Winter


Winter


Altai Uriankhai
(Altai Uryankhai)

West Mongolia
Oirad tribe



Winter


Winter


Summer

 

Altai Uriankhai


Myangat (Mingat)

West Mongolia
Gobi Altai- Oirad tribe


Winter


Bayad, Torguud (Torgut)



North-West Mongolia
Oirad tribe


Bayad


Bayad

Bayad


Bayad
Summer


Bayad
Summer


Bayad

Torguud
Summer


Torguud
Summer


Khoton (Khotan)



North-West Mongolia
Turk tribe (Uighur)


Summer

Summer


Durvud (Dörvöd)



North-West Mongolia
Oirad tribe


Summer


Uuld (Ölöt)


West Mongolia
Oirad tribe




Khuvsgul-Uriankhai
(Chöwsgöl-Uryankhai)

North Mongolia


Tsaatan



Noth Mongolia
Turk tribe


Buryat (Buriad)


North Mongolia
North-
East Mongolia


Winter


Summer


Summer


Summer


Summer


Winter


Winter


Winter


Kalkha


Central Mongolia


Summer


Winter


Winter

 








Toortsog (Tortsog)
(Winter)

Yuden
(Winter)


Zharantai / Jarantai
Winter


Üzemchin, Dariganga,
Darkhad (Darkhat)


East Mongolia
and Inner Mongolia


Üzemchin

Üzemchin
Summer


Darkhad
Winter

Dariganga
Summer


Dariganga
Summer


Dariganga
Winter


Barga



South-East Mongolia
and Inner Mongolia


Barga
Winter


Bogdo Gegeen
Khan Bogd
Khüree

Ulaanbaatar has had numerous names in its history. From 1706–1911
as Ikh Khüree.
Its Chinese name was Kulun.

Women
Khüree


Women
Khüree


Lama
Khüree


Civil servant
Khüree


Prince
Khüree


Prince
Khüree


Civil servant
Khüree


Civil servant
Khüree


Lkham - Käli
(tsam)

Lkham - Käli

Jamsran (tsam)

Bökh (wrestler)
Zodog shuudag
(Dsodok)
(wrestlerjacket.shorts
and boot)