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P & C December 1998
- Face Music / Albi
- last update 02-2012
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Instruments:
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- Khomys (Topshur) - two-string (also three-string) lute of the Khakass, related to the Tuvan toshpulur and the Mongolian tovshuur.
The body and the neck are carved from cedar wood and the body is often covered with the leather of wild animals, of camels or of goats. The traditional stringing is of
twisted horsetail hair and the strings are tuned a fourth apart.
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- Yykh (Ikili) - two-string fiddle of the Khakass people, related to the Tuvan igil and the Mongolian ikil and similar to the khomys, but with a longer neck. The strings are made from twisted sinews of deer or mountain sheep. It is played with a bow made of willow and horsetail hair stringing, coated with larch or cedar wood resin. |
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- Chatkhan - Khak (Jadagan) - (string instrument)
Wooden board zither of the Khakass people, usually with 6 or 7 strings stretched
across movable bridges and tuned a fourth or fifth apart. The body is hollowed out from underneath like an upturned trough. It has a convex surface and an end bent towards the ground. The strings ar plucked and the sound is very smooth. The instrument was considered to be sacrosanct and playing it was a rite bound to taboos. The instrument was mainly used at court and in monasteries, since
strings symbolised the twelve levels of the palace hierarchy. Related instruments include the Tuvan chadagan, the Mongolian yatga, the Japanese koto, the Chinese quin and the Korean kayagum.
The Khakass use this instrument to accompany lyrical, historical and epic songs and heroic tales. The Khakass sacred heroic epic says: "We are all universal, since we participate in the creation of the world every year, every day and every moment". This goes also for their folklore, customs and traditions. Artistic creativity is interwoven with material production, the way of life and everyday relationships. In traditional Khakass society every man and every women has the gift of creativity. A genre of oral folk creative work, known as the takhpakh (= improvised songs) was especially wide spread. Women hold an important place in Khakass society that is reflected in many heroic poems and epics. Female warriors have been great hereos against external enemies. Women are "pogho" and how they live is explained in one specific tale, where the rules are described in ornamental form. The poghos build a bridge between generations and are also great shamans (Kam religion).
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- Khobyrakh (Shoor) - wind instrument
An open end-blown flute similar to that used by the Bashkirs and the Caucasians. It is a long, smooth, hollow pipe (about 70 cm long) made of an umbel (hollow stem of a big, parasol-like umbelifer) or wood, with 3 or sometimes 6 finger-holes. Nowadays, it is also made of plastic.
chervil
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- Temir Khomys (Komus) - jew's harp.
Nowadays it is made of brass or steel, but in the past it was made of wood. A spring, acting as a vibrator, is fitted into a horseshoe shaped metal holder and is called the tongue. The player places the long part of the instrument against his mouth, touching it with his front teeth and manipulates the tongue with his right hand. The pitch can be varied by changing the shape of the mouth cavity, which at the same time acts as a resonance chamber.
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- Tuur (Tungur) - frame drum - a single-headed shaman drum. It's frame is usually oval but sometimes round. The membrane is ornamented with drawings on one ore both sides. |
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- Orba - rattle – it is made of the urinary bladder of an animal filled with grain and has a handle. |
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